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Undergraduate research experiences (UREs) significantly enhance students’ critical thinking, problem-solving, and teamwork skills, and foster pathways to graduate studies. Social science laboratory-based undergraduate research experiences (LUREs) offer similar benefits with more impact on the understanding of the research process and influence career direction. As online undergraduate programs increase, research opportunities must adapt to incorporate otherwise excluded remote students. This study employs an expert panel method that collects insights from 22 experienced lab leaders around meeting the substantial challenges of mentoring online students in social science lab groups. Through thematic analysis, four key challenges and proposed solutions to enable remote undergraduate students to successfully engage in research labs were identified. These solutions offer practical guidance to improve inclusivity and accessibility for online learners. 

Abstract ObjectivesLinear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) is a common skeletal marker of physiological stress (e.g., malnutrition or illness) that is studied within and across populations, without reference to familial risk. We examine LEH prevalence in a population with known genealogical relationships to determine the potential influence of genetic heritability and shared environment. MethodsLEH data of 239 individuals from a single population were recorded from the Ohio State University Menegaz‐Bock collection dental casts. All individuals were of known age, sex, and genealogy. Narrow‐sense heritability estimates were obtained for LEH presence and count data from all unworn, fully erupted teeth (excluding third molars) using SOLAR (v.8.1.1). Age, sex, and age–sex interaction were included as covariates. Models were re‐run with a household effect variable. ResultsLEH persists across generations in this study population with moderate, significant heritability estimates for presence in four teeth, and count in four teeth (three teeth were significant for both). When a household effect variable was added, no residual heritability remained for LEH count on any tooth. There was no significant household effect for three of the four teeth that had significant heritability estimates for LEH presence. Age was a significant covariate. Further analyses with birth year data revealed a secular trend toward less LEH. ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for familial risk of LEH (genetic and environmental) that has consequences for the broad use of this skeletal marker of stress. These results have repercussions for archaeological assemblages, or population health studies, where genetic relatives and household groups might be heavily represented.